[Solved] Problems in installing caffe in ubuntu 16.04

A very complete guidline
https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/wiki/Ubuntu-16.04-or-15.10-Installation-Guide

It is easier to use cmake than to use the Makefile.config.

1. Problems caused by Anaconda.
Since Anaconda use gcc 4.7 and the Ubuntu 16 system use gcc 5.4, there occur a lot problems.

Solution:
Don't use Anaconda.
$ vim ~/.bashrc
comment line #export PATH="/home/ks/anaconda2/bin:$PATH"
$ sudo apt install python-pip
$ cd <caffe-master>/python
$ for req in $(cat requirements.txt); do pip install $req; done
$ cd ..
$ mkdir build1
$ cd build1
$ cmake ..
$ make -j<nproc>

Description copied from http://www.cnblogs.com/kingstrong/p/6015157.html

CXX/LD -o .build_release/tools/compute_image_mean.bin
.build_release/tools/test_net.o：在函数‘boost::system::system_error::what() const’中：
test_net.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv[_ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv]+0x74)：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_replace(unsigned long, unsigned long, char const*, unsigned long)’未定义的引用
test_net.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv[_ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv]+0xa1)：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_append(char const*, unsigned long)’未定义的引用
test_net.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv[_ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv]+0xe3)：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_append(char const*, unsigned long)’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对��.build_release/tools/train_net.o：在函数‘boost::system::system_error::what() const’中：
train_net.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv[_ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv]+0x74)：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_replace(unsigned long, unsigned long, char const*, unsigned long)’未定义的引用
train_net.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv[_ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv]+0xa1)：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_append(char const*, unsigned long)’未定义的引用
train_net.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv[_ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv]+0xe3)：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_append(char const*, unsigned long)’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::compare(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) const@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_create(unsigned long&, unsigned long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_replace_aux(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, char)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_append(char const*, unsigned long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_replace(unsigned long, unsigned long, char const*, unsigned long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_construct(unsigned long, char)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘vtable for std::__cxx11::basic_stringbuf<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::assign(char const*)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_assign(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::compare(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::<char_traits<char>char>, std:> :allocator<char> > const&) const@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_create(unsigned long&, unsigned long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_replace_aux(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, char)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_append(char const*, unsigned long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_replace(unsigned long, unsigned long, char const*, unsigned long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_construct(unsigned long, char)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/�libglog.so：对‘vtable for std::__cxx11::basic_stringbuf<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::assign(char const*)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_assign(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_erase(unsigned long, unsigned long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘vtable for std::__cxx11::basic_ostringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::reserve(unsigned long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::compare(char const*) const@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
/../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：�对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_replace(unsigned long, unsigned long, char const*, unsigned long)’未定义的引用
finetune_net.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv[_ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv]+0xa1)：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_append(char const*, unsigned long)’未定义的引用
finetune_net.cpp:(.text._ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv[_ZNK5boost6system12system_error4whatEv]+0xe3)：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_append(char const*, unsigned long)’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::compare(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) const@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_create(unsigned long&, unsigned long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_replace_aux(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, char)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_append(char const*, unsigned long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_replace(unsigned long, unsigned long, char const*, unsigned long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_construct(unsigned long, char)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘vtable for std::__cxx11::basic_stringbuf<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::assign(char const*)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_assign(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_erase(unsigned long, unsigned long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘vtable for std::__cxx11::basic_ostringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::reserve(unsigned long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__throw_out_of_range_fmt(char const*, ...)@GLIBCXX_3.4.20’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::rfind(char, unsigned long) const@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_stringbuf<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_sync(char*, unsigned long, unsigned long)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::append(char const*)@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::find(char, unsigned long) const@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_ostringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_ostringstream()@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘VTT for std::__cxx11::basic_ostringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgflags.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::find(char const*, unsigned long, unsigned long) const@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
/usr/local/lib/libglog.so：对‘std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::compare(char const*) const@GLIBCXX_3.4.21’未定义的引用
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
。。。很长一串问题

对于这个问题找了N久都没有找到答案，在caffe的issue中看到有人有同样的问题，但并没有得到答案，后来在另一个问题中看到了一个方法https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/2348，

cd caffe
cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config
and change setting in Makefile.config
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
./configure (??not sure??)
make all

执行一遍后发现有戏啊，可是又有一个新的关于opencv_imgcodecs的问题，同样在刚才的链接中的方法

add "opencv_imgcodecs" in Makefile.(LIBRARIES += glog gflags protobuf leveldb snappy \
lmdb boost_system hdf5_hl hdf5 m \
opencv_core opencv_highgui opencv_imgproc opencv_imgcodecs)
就是在makefile的“LIBRARIES +=”中添加一个“opencv_imgcodecs”,make clean，再make all这样刚才的问题就没有了

这样就可以了？？？结果又出了一个新的问题，/usr/lib/libopencv_highgui.so.2.4: undefined reference to TIFFRGBAImageOK@LIBTIFF_4.0' 1>

网上说是opencv编译的问题，于是就重新编译opencv，这次编译cmake加上一个参数：

-D BUILD_TIFF=ON
于是又屁颠屁颠的开始编译了，这一次已经有了报错的心里准备了，果然新的问题来了，//usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libsoxr.so.0:对‘GOMP_parallel@GOMP_4.0’未定义的，
对于这个问题我以为百度一下就能解决，可事实证明我还是too young too simple，这个问题找了很久都没找到答案，但是有个发现，就是稍微沾边的解释里都有anaconda，突然醒悟，我现在遭的罪不都是安装了anaconda后造成的么，搞不好是anaconda与系统兼容造成的，于是我决定anaconda
零时屏蔽了再来编译opencv试试，屏蔽的具体方法是在

sudo gedit ~/.bashrc
在下面这两句话前面加上“#”注释掉
#export PATH="/home/ks/anaconda2/bin:$PATH"
#export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/home/ks/anaconda2/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"

然后再次来编译opencv，奇迹出现啦，经过漫长的等待，opencv终于编译完成啦，现在回头想想，caffe之所以编译报那么多错肯定也是由anaconda造成的,但是屏蔽anaconda后用以前的方法直接编译caffe还是会报很多错，不过用上面提到的cmake的方式进行编译就顺利的完成了。